Easy English Podcast For Beginners (Full Episode 1-10) – YouTube Dictation Transcript & Vocabulary

1.coffee Breakak English season 1 episode 1 hello everyone and welcome to Coffee Break English my name's Josie and my name is Mark and we are very happy to be here josie tell us a little about Coffee Break English coffee Breakak English is a podcast which will help you improve your English if you're learning English each week we listen to a text from somewhere in the English-speaking world and we focus on a language point something about grammar or maybe vocabulary and what level is Coffee Break English for well we'll be starting off quite basic to start with we'll review some basic grammar so I would say the level is about A2 or pre-intermediate so if you already know some English and you want to get even better this podcast is for you we are going to be listening to texts from all over the English-speaking world but Mark and I are both Scottish and we live in Scotland we'll be hearing lots of different accents in the episodes of Coffee Break English so this will help you understand lots of people that's right Mark so let's get started okay Josie tell us about today's text today we're listening to Katrina who is also Scottish but she lives in Manchester in the UK at the moment she's on holiday in Italy and she's telling us all about what she's doing there okay and what language point are we learning about we are learning about the difference between the present continuous tense and the present simple tense that sounds good let's listen to the text this week I'm on holiday with my family in Italy i'm with my husband our son my sister and her three children we are staying in a small house in the countryside on the Amalfi coast we live in Manchester which is a busy city in the UK so it's very quiet for us here the weather is beautiful today the sun is shining and it's very hot in Manchester it isn't usually warm it's usually rainy and cloudy the children are enjoying the sun because they love playing outside and swimming in the pool back home we often go swimming in the local pool but we never swim outside it's too cold at the moment we are having breakfast in the garden the adults are drinking coffee and the children are drinking fresh orange juice and we are all eating some chocolate pastries at home we hardly ever have pastries for breakfast we normally have cereal and toast we are enjoying the cool morning weather and planning what to do today this morning we are going to the beach and then later we're having lunch in a little pizza restaurant the food here is delicious especially the ice cream in the UK we rarely have ice cream but at the moment we're buying it every day oh well we're on holiday it sounds like Katrina's having a lovely time she's very lucky okay now let's read the text again more slowly and we'll explain about the vocabulary and the language that we hear mark would you like to start reading the text again okay katrina said "This week I'm on holiday with my family in Italy." Good remember holiday in British English and we can say vacation in American English i'm on vacation with my family i'm with my husband her son my sister and her three children we are staying in a small house in the countryside on the Amalfi coast good so they're staying in the countryside the countryside is not the city so where the mountains and the green spaces are not in the city so Katrina says "We are staying in a small house." Here she uses the present continuous tense we are staying why do you think she says we are staying instead of we stay Mark because she's saying what she is doing at the moment exactly we use the present continuous tense to say what we are doing at the time of speaking so it's for actions in progress or temporary actions josie how do we form the present continuous good question to make the present continuous we take a part of the verb be in the present tense in this case the subject is we so we use we are next we take the main verb so the verb with the meaning in this sentence and we add ing to the end staying this is also known as the gerand staying doing making playing they are all the gerand okay shall we continue let's go we live in Manchester which is a busy city in the UK so it's very quiet for us here good so here Katrina says we live in Manchester in this case she uses the present simple tense because she lives in Manchester all the time in general so when we talk about something which is generally true like a routine or a habit we use the present simple tense but when we talk about an action in progress or a temporary action we use the present continuous we are staying we live okay the weather is beautiful today the sun is shining and it's very hot okay today the sun is shining here we have another example of the present continuous katrina says this is happening today so we use the present continuous is shining in this case we use the third person form of the verb be is the sun is it so we use is the sun is shining but Katrina said it is very hot why is that the case good question the present continuous doesn't work for all verbs so for the verb to be we don't use that in the present continuous we can't say it is being very hot for example that's right it sounds a bit funny yes it does so even if we're talking about an action in progress we just use the present simple form of to be it is very hot okay in Manchester it isn't usually warm it's usually rainy and cloudy yes this is typical UK weather isn't it rainy and cloudy absolutely yes but warm that's somewhere in between hot and cold the perfect temperature I think and in this sentence it isn't usually warm katrina uses the present simple again because she's talking about something in general in Manchester in general it isn't usually warm this word usually this tells us that we should use the present simple it's called an adverb of frequency and we'll see more adverbs of frequency later in the text the children are enjoying the sun because they love playing outside and swimming in the pool yes so the children are enjoying the sun again this is an action in progress with the present continuous because they love playing outside this means not in a building not in a house so outside in this case in the pool outside back home we often go swimming in the local pool but we never swim outside it's too cold yes so here we have more examples of the present simple we often go and we never swim katrina also uses adverbs of frequency here often and never okay you said often and I said often that's right i didn't make a mistake and you didn't make a mistake either we can say often or often they're exactly the same let's continue with the text at the moment we are having breakfast in the garden good that sounds nice doesn't it breakfast in the garden absolutely yeah we rarely do that in Scotland but Katrina is doing this at the moment in Italy so she uses this phrase at the moment to say that it's happening at the time that she's speaking is at the moment an adverb of frequency a good question it's not an adverb of frequency adverbs of frequency always go before the verb in the phrase so for example we often go we never swim however when the verb is to be the adverb of frequency goes after for example it is usually rainy so to return to your question at the moment is not an adverb of frequency it's just a short phrase that we put at the beginning of the sentence to tell us when the action is happening so usually when we use at the moment we use the present continuous that's right okay the adults are drinking coffee and the children are drinking fresh orange juice and we are all eating some chocolate pastries good so all of these actions are happening as Katrina is speaking so they are all in the present continuous are drinking are drinking and we're eating some chocolate pastries that sounds delicious m I'm feeling hungry at the moment and good use of the present continuous there Mark thank you okay at home we hardly ever have pastries for breakfast we normally have cereal and toast good so Katrina is comparing her breakfast in Italy to her breakfast at home so she uses the present simple to talk about the breakfast at home we hardly ever have pastries we normally have cereal and toast this is what she does every day it's a routine for her so we use the present simple so hardly ever and normally are these adverbs of frequency yes they are hardly ever means almost never nearly never and normally well that's the same as usually generally okay let's continue we are enjoying the cool morning weather and planning what to do today good so Katrina is back to the present continuous we are enjoying and planning that's also the present continuous we are planning this morning we are going to the beach and then later we're having lunch in a little pizza restaurant good so here we're using the present continuous again this morning we are going to the beach but Katrina already told us that at the moment she is having breakfast right Mark yeah she can't do both things at the same time no exactly so here we have a different use of the present continuous we can use it to talk about our future plans or arrangements when we are very sure about what we're going to do in the future so Katrina knows that soon they are going to the beach and later they're having lunch that's right these are their plans so they use the present continuous so Mark I could ask you what are you doing this evening this evening I am watching a film with my family that sounds lovely what are you doing this evening h this evening I'm not watching a film i'm reading a book I think okay that sounds good too let's continue with our text the food here is delicious especially the ice cream good so the food here is delicious delicious means very good very tasty food i agree with Katrina italian food is delicious yes I love it too okay let's continue in the UK we rarely have ice cream but at the moment we're buying it every day good so in the UK we rarely have ice cream so present simple here talking about Katrina's normal life we rarely we almost never have ice cream but at the moment present continuous we are buying it every day oh well we're on holiday and here Katrina says we are on holiday so remember no present continuous with the verb to be we are on holiday even though she's on holiday at the moment that's right okay shall we listen to the text again that sounds like a good idea so we can listen and listen out for everything we have talked about today sounds good this week I'm on holiday with my family in Italy i'm with my husband our son my sister and her three children we are staying in a small house in the countryside on the Amalfi Coast we live in Manchester which is a busy city in the UK so it's very quiet for us here the weather is beautiful today the sun is shining and it's very hot in Manchester it isn't usually warm it's usually rainy and cloudy the children are enjoying the sun because they love playing outside and swimming in the pool back home we often go swimming in the local pool but we never swim outside it's too cold at the moment we are having breakfast in the garden the adults are drinking coffee and the children are drinking fresh orange juice and we are all eating some chocolate pastries at home we hardly ever have pastries for breakfast we normally have cereal and toast we are enjoying the cool morning weather and planning what to do today this morning we are going to the beach and then later we're having lunch in a little pizza restaurant the food here is delicious especially the ice cream in the UK we rarely have ice cream but at the moment we are buying it every day oh well we're on holiday coffee Break English season 1 episode 2 hello and welcome to another episode of Coffee Break English my name's Josie and my name is Mark we are very happy to be back with you for another episode how are you today Josie i'm very well thank you Mark how are you i'm okay i'm a little tired today well hopefully today's episode can wake you up a little that sounds good what is our topic today Josie today we're listening to a text all about films and we're focusing on the past simple tense of the verb be okay let's have a listen to our text and today we're listening to Kate from the United States of America and don't worry if you don't understand every word that Kate says the most important thing is to understand the general meaning okay let's have a listen to our text do you like watching films i do i love fantasy films because the stories are always really exciting i also like biopics because they help me learn about real events from history the word biopic comes from the words biography and picture so it is a film about someone's life the last biopic I watched was First Man which tells the story of Neil Armstrong who was the first man on the moon the script was excellent and the special effects were impressive i like most genres of film but I really don't like romantic comedies the stories and characters are always unrealistic the last romantic comedy I watched was terrible the plot wasn't interesting and the actors weren't very good i was very bored and it was difficult to stay awake i quite like horror films but they're very scary once I watched the horror film A Quiet Place in the cinema with my friends we were very scared because the cinema was so dark as well as that there wasn't any music in the film so the atmosphere was very tense we were all terrified now I prefer to watch horror movies at home with the lights on what genres of film do you like what was the last film you watched well Josie what was the last film you watched hm good question Mark i think the last film that I watched was a Monty Python film ah so a classic British comedy film excellent what about you what was the last film you watched the last film I watched was a French film it's called Shabra ah The Untouchables in English I think so let's take a look at our text again yes let's read each line and then we'll talk about the language so can you read the first line Mark okay do you like watching films i do great so the first thing to notice here is we're starting with a question do you like watching films remember with most questions we use an auxiliary verb or a helping verb which helps us make the question in this case it is do because we're in the present simple okay so we said "Do you like watching films?" And then the answer was "I do." That's right we just repeat the auxiliary verb and also do you like watching films is there another word for film Mark we could say movie that's right film is British English and movie is American English but to be honest we can use both can't we absolutely yeah okay let's continue i love fantasy films because the stories are always really exciting good so fantasy films can you give me an example of a fantasy film perhaps some of the Marvel films could be fantasy films like Avengers Endgame that's right yes something with superheroes or something in an imaginary world like The Lord of the Rings films okay i also like biopics because they help me to learn about real events from history the word biopic comes from the words biography and picture so it's a film about someone's life good so the word biopic it's a film about someone's life good the last biopic I watched was First Man which tells the story of Neil Armstrong who was the first man on the moon good did you see this biopic Mark First Man no uh did you see it yes I did it's a really good film i recommend it to you oh thanks also in this phrase we have the word was the last biopic I watched was first man was is the past tense of the verb be in the third person in this case so Neil Armstrong was the first man on the moon that's right okay the script was excellent and the special effects were impressive good so the script was excellent again the past tense of be and what is a script Mark a script is the words that the actors speak in the film that's right and the special effects were impressive special effects are the things which are added by a computer in a movie because this film was not filmed on the moon no it wasn't i think it would be a bit too difficult to film a movie on the moon here we use the past tense of be again which is were the special effect were impressive in this case were is the third person plural of to be okay should we go through all of the parts of to be that's a good idea yes so I was you were he she or it was we were and they were good so it's not too difficult there are only two forms to choose from was and were welcome back today we're talking about cinema yes we talked about fantasy films and biopics and now we're going to talk about more types of movies okay i like most genres of film but I really don't like romantic comedies good so this word genres what does that mean Mark it's just like saying types or sorts of film exactly types sorts kinds of film and it's a French word which we use in English okay so but I really don't like romantic comedies so a romantic comedy is a film which has some some romance some love a love story and some comedy so it's funny too exactly so maybe a film like uh Notting Hill is a romantic comedy okay or Love Actually that's right a Christmas romantic comedy okay the stories and characters are always unrealistic good so the characters these are the people in the story the people in the film and they are unrealistic so if the stories and characters are unrealistic that means it's hard to believe them that's right yes we can see the word real in the word unrealistic so realistic means like real life like reality and unrealistic is the opposite it's not like reality i don't believe it excellent the last romantic comedy I watched was terrible yes so here we have some more past tense of to be was the last romantic comedy I watched was terrible third person again and terrible means really really bad let's find out why it was terrible the plot wasn't interesting and the actors weren't very good h Let's look at some vocabulary first in this phrase the plot what's the plot Mark that's the story what happens in the film exactly we can talk about the plot of a film the plot of a TV series or the plot of a book and the actors are the stars of the film that's right brad Pitt is a famous actor okay also in this sentence we have the past tense of be in the negative form the plot wasn't interesting wasn't is short for was not this is a contraction and weren't is short for were not so we can say the plot was not interesting and the actors were not very good that's right let's continue i was very bored and it was difficult to stay awake good so I was very bored i I wasn't interested i was bored and it was difficult to stay awake awake is when you are not asleep yes think of the verb to wake up in the morning that's right i quite like horror films but they are very scary yes so a horror film is a film which is very scary maybe it has monsters or ghosts in it uh for example uh The Exorcist is a famous horror film that's right i hate horror films they are too scary for me do you like horror films Mark i don't like horror films at all but Kate says "Once I watched the horror film A Quiet Place in the Cinema with my friends we were very scared because the cinema was so dark." Yes kate says she likes horror films but when she watched A Quiet Place she was very scared and why was she scared Mark because the cinema was so dark that's right it was dark it wasn't light there were no lights on in the cinema okay as well as that there wasn't any music in the film so the atmosphere was very tense good so another example of be in the past tense there wasn't any music and the atmosphere what's the atmosphere Mark it's the feeling it's the impression that you get when watching the film that's right yes and the atmosphere was very tense tense is the opposite of relaxed so they were tense they were scared the cinema was dark there was no music that doesn't sound like fun to me me neither okay kate says "We were all terrified now I prefer to watch horror movies at home with the lights on." Good so we were all terrified terrified means very very scared and so now she doesn't like going to the cinema to watch horror films yes she watches them in her house at home with the lights on so not in the dark okay then she says "What genres of films do you like what was the last film you watched?" Yes so here she finishes with a question with the verb be in the past tense what was the last film you watched remember to make a question with to be we simply change the subject and the verb in the phrase for example Mark what was your favorite film when you were a child uh when I was a child my favorite film was The Sound of Music oh me too i love that film it's still my favorite film i think that's it's a good choice okay let's listen again to Kate's text do you like watching films i do i love fantasy films because the stories are always really exciting i also like biopics because they help me learn about real events from history the word biopic comes from the words biography and picture so it is a film about someone's life the last biopic I watched was First Man which tells the story of Neil Armstrong who was the first man on the moon the script was excellent and the special effects were impressive i like most genres of film but I really don't like romantic comedies the stories and characters are always unrealistic the last romantic comedy I watched was terrible the plot wasn't interesting and the actors weren't very good i was very bored and it was difficult to stay awake i quite like horror films but they're very scary once I watched the horror film A Quiet Place in the cinema with my friends we were very scared because the cinema was so dark as well as that there wasn't any music in the film so the atmosphere was very tense we were all terrified now I prefer to watch horror movies at home with the lights on what genres of film do you like what was the last film you watched that's it for this lesson coffee Breakak English season 1 episode 3 hello everyone and welcome back to Coffee Break English my name's Josie and my name's Mark how are you today Josie i'm very well thank you Mark i'm excited for another episode how are you i'm well too and yes I too am looking forward to this episode because it's about music and I love music that's right me too and today we're talking about a very very famous English pop band it's the Beatles excellent now Josie what are the language points that we're going to be looking at today today we'll be looking at the past simple tense okay well we can listen for them in the text let's have a listen and because we're talking about an English band let's listen to Susan from London i'm sure you know the Beatles they are one of the most famous pop bands in the world john Lennon and Paul McCartney created the band in Liverpool in the UK in 1960 when they were teenagers at the beginning the band didn't have the same name they were called the Quarry Men after a few months George Harrison joined the band they changed their name to the Beatles and they went to Hamburg in Germany to play in bars and clubs in 1962 they fired their drummer because they didn't think he was very good then they found Ringo Star and the band was complete they released their first album Please Me in 1963 and soon they were famous all over the world the love and excitement of their fans was called Beatle Mania their fans screamed and cried at the Beatles concerts and some of them even thought that the band had supernatural powers between 1963 and 1970 the Beatles made 13 albums and even some films in 1970 after an incredible career of 10 years the band decided they didn't want to continue making music together and they separated the four Beatles all had successful solo careers and Paul McCartney and Ringo Star are still making music today although they are quite old now john Lennon died in 1980 after he was shot by a Beatles van in New York and George Harrison died later in 2001 the Beatles are still very famous today and there are many books and films about their amazing story in 2003 Rolling Stone magazine decided that their album Sergeant Peppa's Lonely Hearts Club Band was the best album of all time the Beatles were actually inspired by another singer Elvis Presley when they were teenagers in Liverpool they loved Elvis and they wanted to be famous for their music just like him their dreams came true thank you Susan so let's review the text and we can talk about some of the vocabulary and language that we find would you like to read the first phrase Mark absolutely i'm sure you know the Beatles they are one of the most famous pop bands in the world yes so they are famous famous means everybody knows them they are very known okay john Lennon and Paul McCartney created the band in Liverpool in the UK in 1960 when they were teenagers lots of information there yes this is quite a long phrase let's start at the beginning john Lennon and Paul McCartney created the band created is in the past simple tense because this of course happened in the past we make the past simple by just adding e d onto the end of the infinitive verb in this case the infinitive is create and create already has an e on the end so we just add d create created so they created the band where in Liverpool in the UK in 1960 okay so we've got a when there too in 1960 and that's when they were teenagers that's right just about 1960 often people think it's difficult to say dates in English but actually it's quite easy we can divide the date in the middle and say it in two separate numbers 1960 and that was when they were teenagers what's a teenager Mark it's a young person who is between the ages of 13 and 19 that's right exactly an adolescent we could call them as well let's continue at the beginning the band didn't have the same name they were called the Quarry Men good so here we have another example of the past simple the band didn't have the same name this is the past simple in the negative form and to make that we just use the auxiliary verb the helping verb didn't and we put it in front of the infinitive verb didn't have okay so they didn't have the same name they had a different name they were called the quarry men after a few months George Harrison joined the band they changed their name to the Beatles and they went to Hamburg in Germany to play in bars and clubs here we have three more examples of the past simple george Harrison joined the band that's a regular past simple verb join plus ed they changed their name to the Beatles that is similar to created in the first phrase change already ends in e so we just add d okay that makes sense but what about went yes went is an irregular verb so that means it doesn't follow the same structure as the other verbs went is the past simple form of go it's very different from the verb go so we don't say they goed to Hamburg we say they went to Hamburg it's irregular okay so they went to Hamburg in Germany to play in bars and clubs let's continue in 1962 they fired their drummer because they didn't think he was very good good they fired their drummer first of all what does fire mean Mark they dismissed their drummer they told the drummer that he didn't have a job good and the the drummer is the person who plays the drums in the band and fired it's in the past simple as well so they fired their drummer because they didn't think he was very good didn't think is the negative form of the past simple again with didn't okay then they found Ringo Star and the band was complete good so they found Ringo Star this is another example of an irregular verb in the past simple and the infinitive form is find so I find in the present i found in the past okay so the band was complete we have another irregular verb there that's right to be is irregular and we looked at um the past form of to be in the previous episode exactly okay let's go on they released their first album Please Me in 1963 and soon they were famous all over the world good they released their first album released again it's the past simple and it's a regular verb and their first album Please Me have you listened to this album Mark i have listened to this album and I think it's great but I prefer their later albums ah I think I prefer their earlier albums h interesting okay and soon they were famous all over the world yes they were famous in many many countries in the world okay the love and excitement of their fans was called Beetle Mania yes i remember seeing some video clips and some pictures of Beatles fans fans are people who love the Beatles and they looked very very excited when they saw them that's right their fans screamed and cried at the Beatles concerts and some of them even thought that the band had supernatural powers yes lots to talk about in this phrase their fans screamed and cried maybe when you see a horror film you scream or when you see a spider or something scary you scream and they cried so when you are sad or emotional you you cry okay so screamed is regular we add ed but what about cried yes cried is a little different the infinitive of cry is c r y but when we change it to the past simple we remove the y and we add i e d so the past simple verb is spelled c r i e d and this works the same way as for example to try that's right exactly right t r y in the infinitive and t r i e d in the past simple okay so their fans screamed and cried at the Beatles concerts and some of them even thought that the band had supernatural powers yes so here we have two irregular verbs in the past simple the first one is thought so the infinitive of thought is think think in the present and thought in the past and the other irregular verb here yes the other irregular verb is had and that comes from have i have in the present i had in the past and what are supernatural powers Josie so a power is something that you can do if we think of a superhero the things that they can do are their powers the special things they can do for example Superman can fly that is his power and supernatural that means more than natural not natural let's practice the past simple a little bit mark that sounds like a good idea okay so what did you do last night Mark last night I watched the TV and read a book that sounds very relaxing it was what did you do last night Josie last night I cooked dinner mhm and I called my mom on the phone how was your mom she was fine good to know um and notice there when we asked each other what we did last night the structure of this question is we need to use an auxiliary verb like we do in the present simple to make questions in the present simple we use do for example what do you do and in the past simple we use did which is the past simple of do what did you do last night okay shall we continue with the text between 1963 and 1970 the Beatles made 13 albums and even some films good so here we have the verb made which is the past simple of make okay in 1970 after an incredible career of 10 years the band decided they didn't want to continue making music together and they separated yes another long phrase here so in 1970 after an incredible career what does incredible mean it means unbelievable wonderful amazing that's right very very good uh the band decided they didn't want to continue decided is the past simple it's a regular verb and didn't want that's a negative past simple and separated is just another past simple that's right let's continue the four Beatles all had successful solo careers and Paul McCartney and Ringo Star are still making music today although they are quite old now good so the four Beatles all had had as we saw before I think is the past simple of have it's irregular they had successful solo careers josie what does successful mean so success as a noun success is something good that comes maybe in your life or your work like uh money or happiness or becoming famous like the Beatles okay so they had successful solo careers when they sang on their own that's right when they sang alone mhm and at the end of this phrase they had successful solo careers and Paul McCartney and Ringoar are still making music today although they are quite old now what does although mean it's very similar to but that's right it's an alternative way to say but and the pronunciation of although is quite difficult we spell it a l t h o u g h this o u g h that's quite difficult to pronounce sometimes there are different ways to pronounce it depending on the word that's right many different ways uh for now although just remember although okay John Lennon died in 1980 after he was shot by a Beatles fan in New York and George Harrison died later in 2001 yes so John Lennon died died is a regular verb in the past simple in 1980 after he was shot by a Beatles fan he was shot with a gun and George Harrison died later in 2001 i say 2001 but I think in certain places that would be said differently that's right we can also say 2001 without the and and that's the same for all of the years from 2001 to 2021 2021 or 2021 they are the same okay let's continue on the Beatles are still very famous today and there are many books and films about their amazing story in 2003 Rolling Stone magazine decided that their album Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band was the best album of all time good rolling Stone magazine decided decided regular past simple verb that Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band was the best album best means the number one the top very very good of all time so the the best album in history the Beatles were actually inspired by another singer Elvis Presley when they were teenagers in Liverpool they loved Elvis and they wanted to be famous for their music just like him good another two uh regular past simple verbs here they loved Elvis and they wanted to be famous for their music and the final sentence Mark well their dreams came true that's right and came is an irregular verb the infinitive is come so I come in the present i came in the past and what does their dreams came true mean Mark they were able to achieve everything they wanted to that's right it means the things that they dreamed about that they wanted to be famous like Elvis those dreams they became reality their real life mark my final question for today who do you prefer the Beatles or Elvis [Music] i think I prefer the Beatles me too i'm a big Beatles fan so that was the correct answer from you okay let's listen again to Susan reading the whole text over to you Susan i'm sure you know the Beatles they are one of the most famous pop bands in the world john Lennon and Paul McCartney created the band in Liverpool in the UK in 1960 when they were teenagers at the beginning the band didn't have the same name they were called the Quarry Men after a few months George Harrison joined the band they changed their name to the Beatles and they went to Hamburg in Germany to play in bars and clubs in 1962 they fired their drummer because they didn't think he was very good then they found Ringo Star and the band was complete they released their first album Please Me in 1963 and soon they were famous all over the world the love and excitement of their fans was called Beatle Mania their fans screamed and cried at the Beatles concerts and some of them even thought that the band had supernatural powers between 1963 and 1970 the Beatles made 13 albums and even some films in 1970 after an incredible career of 10 years the band decided they didn't want to continue making music together and they separated the four Beatles all had successful solo careers and Paul McCartney and Ringo Star are still making music today although they are quite old now john Lennon died in 1980 after he was shot by a Beatles fan in New York and George Harrison died later in 2001 the Beatles are still very famous today and there are many books and films about their amazing story in 2003 Rolling Stone magazine decided that their album Sergeant Peppa's Lonely Hearts Club Band was the best album of all time the Beatles were actually inspired by another singer Elvis Presley when they were teenagers in Liverpool they loved Elvis and they wanted to be famous for their music just like him their dreams came true okay that's it for this episode of Coffee Break English coffee Breakak English season 1 episode 4 hello everyone and welcome back to Coffee Break English my name is Josie and I'm Mark and we are very happy to be here today josie what are we talking about today today we are in the USA with Kate and she's telling us all about where she lives okay and are there any language points that we need to listen out for yes today we are focusing on adverbs of manner h what does that mean so an adverb is basically a word that describes a verb so it describes how you do something like I walk slowly slowly describes the way that I walk okay let's listen to our text and then we'll talk about it afterwards hey I'm Kate and I live in Colorado Springs in the USA colorado Springs is a city in the state of Colorado and about 470,000 people live here in general the people who live here are quite friendly and people in shops and restaurants always talk to you politely the city is next to the Rocky Mountains so you always have an amazing view of them in fact there is a limit on how tall buildings can be so that everyone can see the mountains easily from anywhere in the city because we are so close to the mountains a lot of people love doing activities like hiking and skiing in their free time we work hard during the week so that at the weekend we can escape into the mountains and enjoy nature but it's not just the locals who enjoy being outside and exercising the US Olympic team comes to Colorado Springs to train because it is high above sea level once I saw some athletes training in the mountains they were running up and down them so fast colorado Springs is a good place to be if you like being outside because it is often sunny here there are usually around 300 days of sunshine each year and it rarely rains it's not very easy to get around in Colorado Springs because the public transport doesn't work well a lot of people have motorbikes but they drive very dangerously because Colorado is the only state in the US where it isn't a law to wear a helmet on a motorbike i prefer cycling or going by car to get around safely the food here is delicious but we don't eat very healthily we love burgers and barbecued meat and you can easily find TMEX food because there are a lot of Hispanic people here i love living in Colorado Springs seeing the sunrise over the Rocky Mountains every morning is the perfect way to start the day do you like your town or city are people friendly what's the weather like lots of questions from Kate there at the end yes that's right i hope our listeners can answer them on Facebook after this episode perfect okay let's go back through the text now yes can you read the first phrase Mark okay so Kate said "Hi I'm Kate and I live in Colorado Springs in the USA." Colorado Springs is a city in the state of Colorado and about 470,000 people live here good so this number 470,000 people you said 470,000 but Kate said 470,000 so both of these are correct it depends where you're from mhm okay in general the people who live here are quite friendly and people in shops and restaurants always talk to you politely yes so Kate says "People always talk to you politely." This is an example of an adverb of manner and it comes from the adjective polite polite means someone who is nice kind they say please and thank you so we could say people are polite and the adjective polite describes the noun people or people talk to you politely politely describes the verb talk the way that people talk to you is polite okay the city is next to the Rocky Mountains so you always have an amazing view of them good so an amazing view is a very very good view okay let's continue in fact there is a limit on how tall buildings can be so that everyone can see the mountains easily from anywhere in the city good so there is a limit there is a maximum of how tall buildings can be so that everyone can see the mountains easily easily is another adverb an adverb of manner the adjective is easy and the adverb is easily we can see the mountains easily okay Josie so we saw politely and we've seen easily do you always add ly to the end of the adjective good question to make an adverb usually we add ly that's the regular way to do this and in the case of easily the adjective easy it ends in y so when we add l Y we change the Y at the end of easy to I okay let's look at some further examples in the rest of the text because we are so close to the mountains a lot of people love doing activities like hiking and skiing in their free time good so the people in Colorado Springs they like hiking walking in the mountains and skiing do you like hiking or skiing Mark i love both hiking and skiing but I don't often get the chance to ski unfortunately yes me too i I love hiking so I would love to visit Colorado Springs good kate goes on "We work hard during the week so that at the weekend we can escape into the mountains and enjoy nature." Good so you asked me before Mark if we always add ly to make an adverb and now we have an example of an irregular adverb we work hard in this case it's quite an easy irregular adverb because the adverb is the same as the adjective so I could say "My job is hard." There it's an adjective describing my job or "I work hard." There I'm describing the way that I work okay so we escape into the mountains and enjoy nature yes we uh get away from the city we escape we run away into the mountains okay but it's not just the locals who enjoy being outside and exercising good so the locals the locals are the people who live in a place is local always a noun no in this case local means a person but it can also be an adjective for example the local area where I live that's the the area which is around where I live it's an adjective in that case so who else enjoys being outside and exercising well Kate says the US Olympic team comes to Colorado Springs to train because it is high above sea level good so it's high above sea level what is sea level Mark sea level is the level of the sea where the land meets the sea exactly yes and um the US Olympic team comes to Colorado Springs to train they come to to exercise to prepare for their Olympic competition okay and the word train that is the same word as the transport so I take the train to work it's the same word with a completely different meaning good okay kate says "Once I saw some athletes training in the mountains they were running up and down them so fast." Yes so Kate says she saw some athletes training saw is an example of an irregular past simple verb and it comes from the verb see we learned about the past simple in the previous episode okay and at the end of this phrase Kate says "The the athletes the Olympic team were running up and down the mountains so fast." Fast in this case is another adverb it describes the way that they were running up and down the mountains but the adverb is the same as the adjective in this case that's right we could say "My car is fast." That's the adjective form and I drive fast using the adverb exactly and is that true do you drive fast Mark no i drive very carefully good and uh a good example of an adverb carefully comes from the adjective careful let's continue the text colorado Springs is a good place to be if you like being outside because it's often sunny here there are usually around 300 days of sunshine each year and it rarely rains wow i would love to live in Colorado Springs if they have 300 days of sunshine of sun it sounds perfect very different from Scotland that's true josie can I ask you about the word rarely it ends in ly is that an adverb that's a really good question it is an adverb rarely is an adverb but it's not the same type of adverb that we're focusing on today it's not an adverb of manner because it doesn't describe the way that we do an action rarely is actually an adverb of frequency that's right it's the opposite of often which we saw in the previous sentence it's often sunny here exactly let's continue okay now this next part is Kate's opinion she thinks that the public transport doesn't work well let's listen to what she says it's not very easy to get around in Colorado Springs because the public transport doesn't work well yes so Kate thinks that it's difficult to get around to move to travel in the city because the public transport so the bus the trains doesn't work well and well is also an adverb of manner but it's a very irregular adverb of manner well comes from the adjective good it's very different very very different so for example we can say your English is good there good is an adjective mhm or you speak English well and well is an adverb describing the way that you speak English good okay Kate says "A lot of people have motorbikes but they drive very dangerously because Colorado is the only state in the US where it isn't a law to wear a helmet on a motorbike." Yes a lot of people have motorbikes or motorcycles but they drive very dangerously this adverb comes from the adjective dangerous and it's regular because Colorado is the only state in the US where it isn't a law where it isn't a rule to wear a helmet what's a helmet Mark it's a thing that you wear to protect your head exactly this sounds very dangerous to me i hope that not many people ride motorbikes in this way indeed and if you our listeners are in Colorado we would suggest that you wear a helmet yes that is our recommendation to you okay so Kate continues and she says "I prefer cycling or going by car to get around safely." Good so safely is the opposite of dangerously and it comes from the adjective safe so if you wear a helmet on a motorbike you are safe okay let's continue the food here is delicious but we don't eat very healthily we love burgers and barbecued meat and you can easily find Tex makes food because there are a lot of Hispanic people here good so the food here is delicious it's very very good but we don't eat very healthily healthily comes from the adjective healthy and because it ends in Y we remove the Y and we add I L Y now the word barbecued is interesting yes there are a few ways that we can spell barbecue in this case it's spelled B A R B E Q U E and that's the British way to spell it how would it be spelled in America in the US we would spell it B A R B E C U E so C replaces Q but many people just write BB Q the letters because it's quite a difficult word to spell yeah and BBQ is definitely easier yes okay kit says "I love living in Colorado Springs seeing the sun rise over the Rocky Mountains every morning is the perfect way to start the day." Good so she loves seeing the sun rise the sun come up into the sky okay and then she asks us some questions do you like your town or city are people friendly what's the weather like yes and if you have access to our bonus audio for this episode Mark and I are having a conversation and we're answering these questions okay you can look forward to that if you don't have access to that then we'll tell you how to get access to that in just a moment for now let's listen to Kate's text again hey I'm Kate and I live in Colorado Springs in the USA colorado Springs is a city in the state of Colorado and about 470,000 people live here in general the people who live here are quite friendly and people in shops and restaurants always talk to you politely the city is next to the Rocky Mountains so you always have an amazing view of them in fact there is a limit on how tall buildings can be so that everyone can see the mountains easily from anywhere in the city because we are so close to the mountains a lot of people love doing activities like hiking and skiing in their free time we work hard during the week so that at the weekend we can escape into the mountains and enjoy nature but it's not just the locals who enjoy being outside and exercising the US Olympic team comes to Colorado Springs to train because it is high above sea level once I saw some athletes training in the mountains they were running up and down them so fast colorado Springs is a good place to be if you like being outside because it is often sunny here there are usually around 300 days of sunshine each year and it rarely rains it's not very easy to get around in Colorado Springs because the public transport doesn't work well a lot of people have motorbikes but they drive very dangerously because Colorado is the only state in the US where it isn't a law to wear a helmet on a motorbike i prefer cycling or going by car to get around safely the food here is delicious but we don't eat very healthily we love burgers and barbecued meat and you can easily find Texmex food because there are a lot of Hispanic people here i love living in Colorado Springs seeing the sunrise over the Rocky Mountains every morning is the perfect way to start the day do you like your town or city are people friendly what's the weather like coffee Break English season 1 episode 5 hello and welcome to Coffee Break English my name is Josie and I'm Mark and we're very happy to be back with you today how are you Josie i'm fine thank you Mark i'm a little tired today but okay how are you i'm very well today and I'm looking forward to visiting Australia with you yes me too today we're finding out about the most famous animal in Australia excellent let's get started then today we're listening to Matthew from Australia and we're focusing on the words much many and a lot of today okay let's have a listen to the text then over to you Matthew what's the first animal that comes to your mind when you think of Australia the kangaroo of course kangaroos or RS as Australians call them are animals from the macropod family macropod means big foot and kangaroos certainly do have big feet they also have a lot of power in their legs which means that they can hop very high and very fast sometimes they can hop at 70 km per hour they are the only big mammals to use hopping to move around instead of walking or running kangaroos are native to Australia so there aren't many kangaroos in other countries because they only live in zoos but in Australia there are around 50 million kangaroos and only 25 million people most of them live in quiet areas far from towns and cities but locals say that in most parts of the country you don't have to wait for much time to see one in fact the kangaroo population is growing very fast and rs are now considered to be pests a lot of Australians don't have much patience for kangaroos and the Australian government kills some kangaroos every year to make sure that the numbers don't get out of control the meat from these kangaroos is exported to a lot of countries around the world and for a lot of Australians it is a healthy alternative to other meat because it doesn't contain much fat although they are sometimes annoying Australians are very proud of RS they are the national animal and there aren't many Australian businesses and products which don't use pictures of kangaroos in advertising you can see kangaroos on the logos of airlines government organizations and even the Australian Army so if you visit Australia get ready to see lots of kangaroos another very interesting text i would love to go to Australia have you ever seen a kangaroo Josie no I have never seen a kangaroo i have been to Australia but I've never seen a kangaroo i've only seen a kangaroo in a zoo okay shall we go through the text good idea let's read through the text and talk about the language that we find would you like to read Mark okay what's the first animal that comes to your mind when you think of Australia yes so your your mind that is your your brain isn't it yeah so what's the first animal that comes into your head when you think of Australia the kangaroo of course kangaroos or ruse as Australians call them are animals from the macropod family macropod means big foot and kangaroos certainly do have big feet yes and they do have big feet remember that feet is the plural of foot and it's an irregular plural so one foot two feet that's right we don't say two foots no okay they also have a lot of power in their legs which means they can hop very high and very fast sometimes they can hop at 70 km per hour yes so in this sentence we have the first example of our language point for today they also have a lot of power a lot of means a great number of or a great quantity of okay so they have a great quantity of power in their legs so they have a lot of power in their legs and that means they can hop very high and very fast yes so hop means the same as jump and kangaroos can jump very high high is the opposite of low of course and sometimes they can hop at 70 kilometers per hour that is very fast indeed they are the only big mammals to use hopping to move around instead of walking or running yes they are the only big mammals what's a mammal Mark a mammal is an animal that feeds its babies on milk from its body yes so humans are mammals too yes so kangaroos are the only big mammals which use hopping to move around instead of walking or running what does instead of mean Mark it's like saying in place of so they hob rather than or in place of walking or running that's right let's continue kangaroos are native to Australia so there aren't many kangaroos in other countries because they only live in zoos yes so kangaroos are native to Australia native means that they live naturally in Australia okay so the kangaroos grow naturally in Australia and there aren't many kangaroos in other countries yes so there aren't many kangaroos in other countries remember aren't means are not so the words not many this means not a big number of kangaroos earlier we saw the phrase a lot of power in their legs so not many is kind of the opposite of a lot of okay there aren't many kangaroos in other countries because they only live in zoos but in Australia there are around 50 million kangaroos and only 25 million people yes that is a lot of kangaroos two kangaroos for every person yes wow most of them live in quiet areas far from towns and cities but locals say that in most parts of the country you don't have to wait for much time to see one yes so locals say locals are the people who live in an area the local people okay and the locals say that you don't have to wait for much time to see a kangaroo so not much not much time this has a similar meaning to not many not many kangaroos not much time not a big amount of time okay so what's the difference between not much and not many good question we use not many with countable nouns and we use not much with uncountable nouns so a countable noun is something that we can count in numbers like kangaroos exactly one kangaroo five kangaroos 10 kangaroos okay but what's an uncountable noun Mark that would be something like coffee water rice or money that's right something which we can't count in numbers we don't say one water 10 waters it's just water in general okay good let's continue okay in fact the kangaroo population is growing very fast and ruse are now considered to be pests that's an interesting word yes it is a pest is something very annoying very irritating usually we use it for animals maybe insects which are a problem that's right so an animal which can cause damage to plants or food that's right so maybe if you have rats in your house they are pests yes definitely unless you have pet rats which is different that's right that would be that would be different okay can we also use pest to talk about a person we can we would use this in um a kind of funny way so if you have um a younger brother or sister who is very annoying you could describe them as a pest okay let's continue a lot of Australians don't have much patience for kangaroos and the Australian government kills some kangaroos every year to make sure that the numbers don't get out of control good we have a lot of things to talk about in this sentence let's go back to the beginning a lot of Australians so here we have a lot of again meaning a big number of Australians now Mark the last time that we saw a lot of we saw a lot of power what's the difference between a lot of power and a lot of Australians well a lot of power power is uncountable and Australians are countable exactly we can count Australians there are 25 million Australians in Australia so does this mean that we can use a lot of with both countable and uncountable nouns exactly that's right we use a lot of in affirmative positive sentences with both countable and uncountable nouns but with not many and not much there is a difference between countable and uncountable okay so a lot of Australians don't have much patience not much patience patience is an uncountable noun okay and patience is the quality of being able to stay calm and not get angry yes so if you are a teacher or a parent of a child you must have a lot of patience you must be patient that's the adjective that's right and if you've got an annoying pest of a brother or sister sometimes you have to be patient too absolutely you need a lot of patience okay so later in this sentence we have the Australian government kills some kangaroos every year to make sure to be certain that the numbers don't get out of control what's out of control Mark okay if something is out of control it means you cannot control the numbers you cannot manage the numbers of kangaroos that's right so let's continue the meat from these kangaroos is exported to a lot of countries around the world and for a lot of Australians it is a healthy alternative to other meat because it doesn't contain much fat yes so the meat from these kangaroos is exported is sent to a lot of countries to a big number of countries around the world could we say many countries can we replace a lot of with many good question we can a lot of countries and many countries that means exactly the same thing many is a little more formal so we usually use it when we're writing okay so we could also say and for many Australians it is a healthy alternative to other meat that's right you hear that quite a lot when we're talking about people many people many Australians many Scots for example okay and many kangaroos and many kangaroos um so it's a healthy alternative to other meat because it doesn't contain much fat so here we have not much fat now fat is an uncountable noun so that's why we use not much in this case instead of not many good and we also use much and many in questions that's right so the question in this case would be does kangaroo meat contain much fat or if we want to ask about the specific amount or the specific quantity of fat we can use the word how much how much fat does kangaroo meat contain we could also use how with many so how many kangaroos are there in that field that's right exactly and if the field is in Australia there are probably a lot of kangaroos in it indeed okay let's continue although they are sometimes annoying Australians are very proud of ruse good so although although basically means but but we put it at the beginning of a sentence so we could change this sentence and say they are sometimes annoying but Australians are very proud of RS good we could also have said ruse are very annoying but Australians are very proud of them that's right there are often a lot of different ways to make a sentence good and what about proud what does it mean when you are proud of something if you're proud of something it means you feel very happy about something or about someone so if you are a parent and your child learns to walk for example you are very proud you're a proud parent exactly okay let's continue they are the national animal and there aren't many Australian businesses and products which don't use pictures of kangaroos in advertising yes so there aren't many Australian businesses again not many it's a negative sentence and businesses are countable accountable noun okay so lots of Australian businesses use kangaroos in advertising when they advertise their products that's right yes when they try to make you buy their products and here are some examples you can see kangaroos on the logos of airlines government organizations and even the Australian Army yes so kangaroos are on the logos of airlines what's a logo Mark a logo would be a symbol used by a company to advertise its products the coffee break English logo is a coffee cup with part of an American flag and part of a British flag on it that's right there are other very famous logos you might recognize the golden or the yellow M logo from a famous fast food company that's right that's right okay good so logos of airlines an airline is a company which operates airplanes okay so if you visit Australia get ready to see lots of kangaroos yes so lots of kangaroos this is an alternative way to say a lot of kangaroos so it's a little bit more informal than a lot of okay so we can say lots of a lot of and many we can we can also say loads of which is even more informal than lots of excellent okay shall we listen again to the text good idea and make sure you listen for the words a lot of much and many good what's the first animal that comes to your mind when you think of Australia the kangaroo of course kangaroos or RS as Australians call them are animals from the macropod family macropod means big foot and kangaroos certainly do have big feet they also have a lot of power in their legs which means that they can hop very high and very fast sometimes they can hop at 70 km per hour they are the only big mammals to use hopping to move around instead of walking or running kangaroos are native to Australia so there aren't many kangaroos in other countries because they only live in zoos but in Australia there are around 50 million kangaroos and only 25 million people most of them live in quiet areas far from towns and cities but locals say that in most parts of the country you don't have to wait for much time to see one in fact the kangaroo population is growing very fast and rus are now considered to be pests a lot of Australians don't have much patience for kangaroos and the Australian government kills some kangaroos every year to make sure that the numbers don't get out of control the meat from these kangaroos is exported to a lot of countries around the world and for a lot of Australians it is a healthy alternative to other meat because it doesn't contain much fat although they are sometimes annoying Australians are very proud of RS they are the national animal and there aren't many Australian businesses and products which don't use pictures of kangaroos in advertising you can see kangaroos on the logos of airlines government organizations and even the Australian Army so if you visit Australia get ready to see lots of kangaroos coffee Breakak English season 1 episode 6 hello and welcome to Coffee Break English my name is Josie and I'm Mark and we're delighted to be back with you for another episode yes we are how are you today Mark i'm very well how are you i'm also very well thank you good if you're enjoying Coffee Break English then please let us know by leaving a review on your favorite podcast app we'd love to hear what you think yes we'd love to hear your comments in this episode we're off to the USA and Kate is telling us about a very famous place there okay and is there a language point that we're going to be focusing on yes there is today we're focusing on the verbs must and mustn't and should and shouldn't okay let's listen to Kate's text the Grand Canyon is one of the seven natural wonders of the world it is a canyon made by the Colorado River in the state of Arizona in the USA it is huge 446 km long 29 km wide and 1,857 m deep you should definitely visit the Grand Canyon because it is so big there are different ways to visit it and lots of things to do there first everyone who wants to visit a part of the canyon must buy an entrance pass which is valid for 7 days so you have plenty of time to explore you can enter the Grand Canyon National Park by car or on foot depending on what you want to do if you want to drive around the canyon you must drive carefully and you mustn't go faster than 45 km an hour driving slowly also allows you to appreciate the beautiful scenery so you shouldn't rush you can also hike inside the canyon there are short paths and long paths to follow including walking from the popular South Rim to the less visited North Rim through the middle of the canyon this is a difficult walk so you should take lots of food and water with you and you must stay on the paths if you don't you could get lost the Grand Canyon is home to lots of different plants and animals if you're lucky you could meet lizards and deer but there are more dangerous animals too like poisonous spiders snakes and mountain lions if you see any animals you shouldn't get too close to them for your safety and theirs you also mustn't feed them because this can be bad for the animals health but the most important thing you must do if you visit the Grand Canyon is have fun and enjoy your time in this incredible place thank you Kate mark have you ever visited the Grand Canyon i have i visited the part of the Grand Canyon at Eagle Point and it was amazing have you visited the Grand Canyon no I haven't but I would love to of course okay let's go back through the text now okay sounds good the Grand Canyon is one of the seven natural wonders of the world yes the seven natural wonders of the world are seven natural things places in the world which are considered to be amazing and beautiful good some other natural wonders of the world are Mount Everest the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the Northern Lights very good shall we continue yes let's continue it is a canyon made by the Colorado River in the state of Arizona in the USA yes so a canyon is like a big valley with very steep sides that you can look down into okay and this canyon was made by the Colorado River it's huge 446 km long 29 km wide and 1,857 m deep yes so it is huge it is very big and these words wide and deep well what does wide mean Mark it's like the horizontal measurement from one point to another that's right so we could talk about a wide street for example or a wide road and we use the word deep usually to talk about a hole or about water mhm so if you're swimming in a swimming pool and you can't touch the bottom of the pool you would say it is very deep okay so it's like the vertical measurement that's right okay now I said 446 km and 1,857 m but Kate said them differently that's right kate said 446 with no and both are correct it's more common in American English to not include the and in numbers and because we're British we include the and but both ways are correct okay so Kate continues "You should definitely visit the Grand Canyon." Yes so Kate is giving us some advice she thinks the Grand Canyon is a good place to visit so she uses this word should now should is a verb which is used to give advice to say that something is a good idea okay because it is so big there are different ways to visit it and lots of things to do there first everyone who wants to visit a part of the canyon must buy an entrance pass which is valid for 7 days so you have plenty of time to explore yes so everyone who wants to visit the canyon must buy an entrance pass must is a verb of obligation it shows that something is necessary and we often use it when we talk about rules or laws so it means if you don't buy an entrance pass for the Grand Canyon you can't visit it it's not possible it's it's the rule now both must and should are what we call modal verbs isn't that right exactly and a modal verb is uh a verb that we put before a main verb to add some meaning so here for example the main verb is buy and we put must before buy to show that it is an obligation to buy this entrance pass okay could we also say you have to buy an entrance pass we can yes this is another way of saying must but we'll save that for another episode i think that sounds good okay so this entrance past is valid for 7 days so you have plenty of time to explore yes so it's valid it's accepted for 7 days you can use it for 7 days so you have plenty of time to explore what does plenty mean Mark plenty is similar to lots of you have enough time to explore there's plenty of time to explore that's right exactly okay you can enter the Grand Canyon National Park by car or on foot depending on what you want to do yes so notice here that when we talk about traveling by car we use the preposition by we use this for all forms of transport by car by train by taxi by bus but when we travel on our feet using our feet we use the preposition on on foot good if you want to drive around the canyon you must drive carefully and you mustn't go faster than 45 km hour yes so here we have two more examples of must and also mustn't so you must drive carefully this is a rule it's obligation you must drive carefully and you mustn't go faster than 45 km an hour mustn't is the negative form of must so mustn't is still obligation but this time it's telling you what you must not do it's what you are not allowed to do that's right exactly and mustn't is a contraction of must not notice though when we say mustn't there is a silent letter in there isn't there that's right you say mustn't not mustn't that's right so that T um is silent we don't pronounce it okay driving slowly also allows you to appreciate the beautiful scenery so you shouldn't rush yes so the beautiful scenery what is scenery Mark scenery is all the natural things you can see around you that's right so mountains rivers and the Grand Canyon in this case exactly in the word scenery we have another silent letter so scenery is spelled s c e n e r y but the c is silent at the beginning so we don't say skenery we say scenery good and because of all this beautiful scenery you shouldn't rush yes so shouldn't is the negative form of should so it's giving advice it's giving a recommendation but it's a recommendation for something that we should not do one more thing about shouldn't and should is that they contain another silent letter don't they there is a silent L in there s H O U L D should that's right we've got lots of silent letters today so you shouldn't rush what does rush mean rush means to go fast basically to do something fast so for example when I get up in the morning and if I'm late for work sometimes I have to rush i have to move very fast to get there on time okay you can also hike inside the canyon there are short paths and long paths to follow including walking from the popular South Rim to the less visited North Rim through the middle of the canyon yes so the South Rim and the North Rim these are the official names for these places but a rim well what's a rim Mark the rim is normally the edge of a container like something round the edge of a jar or a cup exactly it's just another way to say the edge and when you visited the Grand Canyon did you visit the south rim or the north rim mark actually I didn't visit the North Rim or the South Rim i visited the western part of the canyon because I was actually in Las Vegas and it was the closest part to Las Vegas and that was the only place I could get to ah okay that's fair i hope to visit the other parts of the Grand Canyon someday well the Grand Canyon is very big so you have a lot of different places to choose from indeed okay what about hike you can also hike inside the canyon what does hike mean yes so hike means when you go for a walk usually in nature if you are walking up to the top of a mountain you are hiking okay this is a difficult walk so you should take lots of food and water with you and you must stay on the paths if you don't you could get lost yes so you should take lots of food and water with you this means it's a good idea to take food and water with you it's not an obligation but it's a good idea a very good idea and you must stay on the paths this is a rule it's an obligation because if you don't do this you could get lost and you don't want to get lost in the middle of the Grand Canyon i don't think certainly not certainly not yes and before we continue with the text let's have a little review of the verbs that we're looking at today should shouldn't and must and mustn't so remember that should is used to give recommendations to say that something is a good idea so Mark when people visit Scotland what should they do they should visit Gleno and Loch Ness and they should also try Haggus m yes we're going to talk about Haggus in the next episode so we won't give you any spoilers for now okay is there anything that people shouldn't do when they visit Scotland they shouldn't forget to bring an umbrella that's right definitely and when people visit Scotland they must drive on the left side of the road that's right you mustn't drive on the right if you visit Scotland that would cause a terrible problem yes definitely very dangerous okay let's continue our text the Grand Canyon is home to lots of different plants and animals if you're lucky you could meet lizards and deer but there are more dangerous animals too like poisonous spiders snakes and mountain lions yes so here we have a lot of animals to talk about so you could meet lizards they are a type of reptile um some of them have long tongues to catch flies okay and deer what are deer Mark deer are large animals they sometimes have antlers if they are male like horns and they are sometimes hunted for food that's right yeah and make sure as well that deer doesn't really have a plural form so we say one lizard two lizards with an s but one deer two deer it's the same okay that's like uh sheep and fish as well isn't it absolutely okay and you may also see dangerous animals like spiders snakes and lions and these spiders may even be poisonous what does that mean yes so poisonous means that these animals could harm you in some way because they can put poison or venom into your body which could be very dangerous that's right if you see any animals you shouldn't get too close to them for your safety and theirs yes so you shouldn't get close to them it's a very good idea not to get close to them and Josie can you explain theirs for your safety and theirs yes so theirs is a possessive pronoun which replaces a noun so for your safety and theirs means for your safety and their safety too but because we've already mentioned safety we don't want to repeat it so we just say theirs good you also mustn't feed them because this can be bad for the animals health yes so it's a rule it's an obligation you can't feed them and what does feed mean Mark give food to the animals that's right so if you have a pet like a dog or a cat you have to feed them every day you have to give them food okay so if you feed these animals it can be bad for their health yes it can be bad for their their bodies it could be harmful to them but the most important thing you must do if you visit the Grand Canyon is have fun and enjoy your time in this incredible place yes so you must have fun this is a rule i suppose it's not really a rule but it's very important to have fun in the Grand Canyon good okay Josie one question here we've seen lots of examples of you should you shouldn't you must you mustn't what happens if it's he or she in the third person do we add an s h good question so as I said before all of these verbs are modal verbs and modal verbs are quite special because they never change form so even in the third person we never add an s we don't say he shoulds or she musts we just don't say that and also when we make questions with these verbs we don't need to use an auxiliary so we simply change the subject and the verb for example should you visit the Grand Canyon so it's quite easy to make questions with these verbs coffee Break English season 1 episode 7 hello everyone and welcome to Coffee Break English i'm Josie and I'm Mark and we're very happy to be here today josie I'm excited today why why are you excited Mark because we're talking about haggus a very Scottish topic yes we are off to our home country of Scotland we're learning about haggus and we're also learning about the present perfect tense excellent so we are going to be joined today by Monica who is going to be reading our text for us great let's listen to Monica hi Mark hi Josie let's find out more about a well-known Scottish dish have you ever heard of haggus if you haven't it's not surprising it's Scotland's national dish but there are some Scottish people who have never eaten it this is because its ingredients are quite unusual it is a big brown pudding made from a sheep's stomach and filled with a sheep's heart lungs and lover as well as onion oats and spices if that doesn't sound good to you some recipes have recently changed to use an artificial stomach instead of a real one with chicken or beef inside traditionally people eat haggus at least once a year on the 25th of January this is the date when we celebrate the birth of Scotland's most famous poet Robert Burns and the event is called a burn supper at a burn supper someone usually performs a poem by Robert Burns called Address to a Haggus that's right it's a poem about Haggus most Scottish people have been to a Burns supper and most children have learned some poems by Robert Burns at school in recent years haggus hasn't stayed the same because chefs have experimented with it in lots of different ways they have made vegetarian and vegan haggus and some restaurants have even tried haggus pizza and haggus sushi the Scots like to have fun with haggus and many people have tried to convince tourists that the haggus is an animal if you search on the internet you can find pictures of a wild haggus and there is even a fake wild haggus in a museum in Glasgow so if you visit Scotland maybe you'll be brave enough to taste this traditional Scottish dish josie do you like haggus well I have never eaten haggus Mark because I don't eat meat so I have eaten vegetarian haggus which is delicious what about you do you like haggus well I have to admit that yes I do really like haggus haggus with potatoes and turnip or as we say in Scotland haggus wipes and tatties yep that's the traditional way to eat it isn't it indeed okay let's go back through the text now have you ever heard of Haggus good so this question have you ever heard this is a question in the present perfect tense if I ask you this question mark what's your answer have you ever heard of Haggus yes I have heard of Haggus good so I have heard this is the present perfect we use the present perfect to talk about something that happened in the past but we don't say exactly when it happened so we use it to talk about our life experiences sometimes okay can we look at some examples Josie good idea so Mark have you ever visited the Grand Canyon yes I have visited the Grand Canyon yes you told us in the previous episode about that and remind me have you ever visited the Grand Canyon no I haven't visited the Grand Canyon okay so the negative form I haven't visited that's right so to make the present perfect we take the verb have or in the third person has and we add the past participle so the past participle is the third form of the verb for example visit the infinitive visited the past simple and visited the past participle but some verbs have a different simple past and past participle form that's right if the verb is irregular it has a different past simple and past participle so for example do infinitive did past simple and done past participle good okay let's continue with the text okay so have you ever heard of haggus if you haven't it's not surprising good so if you haven't this haven't refers to have you ever it's using this have this auxiliary helping verb okay so if you've not heard of haggus it's not surprising it's not a big surprise because it's Scotland's national dish but there are some Scottish people who have never eaten it yes so it's Scotland's national dish it's a traditional food from Scotland but some Scottish people have never eaten it this is the present perfect in the negative form we could say some Scottish people who haven't eaten it but when we use never it emphasizes never in my entire life i have never eaten it okay and why is this it's because it's ingredients are quite unusual it is a big round pudding made from a sheep's stomach and filled with a sheep's heart lungs and liver as well as onion oats and spices lots of vocabulary there yes lots of words to talk about so its ingredients the things that are in haggis are quite unusual they are quite strange they're not normally in food it is a big round pudding round like a circle is round um what's a pudding Mark well a pudding is in the UK traditionally what you eat after a meal like dessert a sweet dish but here the pudding refers to the sort of sausage nature of this dish that's right that's right pudding kind of has a double meaning in this case haggus is definitely not something you eat for dessert so haggus is made from a sheep's stomach our stomach is the place where our food goes when we eat it to be digested and what's unusual about the pronunciation of stomach mark well this word ends with ch and that's normally pronounced ch like church or chicken but here it's stomach a hard c that's right so watch out for that word so a hagus is filled with a sheep's heart our heart is the organ in our bodies which sends the blood around our body mhm a sheep's heart a sheep's lungs what are lungs so the lungs are the organs which help you to breathe that's right and a sheep's liver the liver cleans the blood in the body good so lots of body parts of a sheep but there are other things too as well as onion oats and spices so oats oats are a grain which sometimes you give to animals as food and I like to eat oats in musli for my breakfast okay if that doesn't sound good to you some recipes have recently changed to use an artificial stomach instead of a real one with chicken or beef inside yeah so here's another example of the present perfect some recipes have recently changed this is something which happened in the past but we don't say exactly when it happened we just say it happened recently so when you see the word recently sometimes this tells you that you should use the present perfect have recently changed okay what would an artificial stomach be h so if something's artificial it is not real it is fake for example we could have artificial flowers which are not real flowers maybe they're made from plastic okay traditionally people eat haggus at least once a year on the 25th of January so people eat haggus at least once a year at least means a minimum of that's right so most people would eat haggus definitely once a year and perhaps more often that's right okay and this date the 25th of January is when we celebrate the birth of Scotland's most famous poet Robert Burns and the event is called a burns supper yes so we celebrate we mark the importance of this day so if you celebrate something maybe you have a party or a nice dinner but we celebrate the birth of Scotland's most famous poet that's right we celebrate the day when Robert Burns was born the birth of Robert Burns that's right and this event is called a Burns supper so supper is another word for dinner really at a Burns supper someone usually performs a poem by Robert Burns called Address to a Haggus good so someone um stands up and they say this poem in front of everyone else and yes this is a poem about Haggus about the dish the national dish yes that's how important Haggus is in Scotland it has its own poem do you know the poem Josie i don't know this poem i think when I was at school I learned it but I have forgotten it completely do you know it Mark uh I know a little bit of the poem it's a poem in Scots so Scots is a national language in Scotland and it's different from English so don't worry if you don't understand any of this fair for your honest s face great chieftain of the pudding race i bend them all you tack your place or the wheel are you worthy of a grace lang wow well done it's a long time since I've said that poem i'm sure i think we might need to start a podcast called Coffee Break Scots for people to understand this i think so too but most Scottish people have been to a Burns supper and most children have learned some poems by Robert Burns at school just like we did yes and here we have two more examples of the present perfect as well so most Scottish people have been to a burned supper but we don't say when sometime in their lives and most children have learned some poems josie been is an interesting verb it's a past participle of which verb good question been is the past participle of be and of go so for example I could say this week I have been happy and that's using the verb be but in this case most people have been to a burn supper this is the verb go but without confusing things too much there's also another past participle of to go there is yes to go has two past participles been and gone so what's the difference between been and gone well it depends on where you are when you use these past participles for example I've been to the supermarket mhm if I say this phrase I went there i bought what I needed and I returned home and now I'm at home telling you I've been to the supermarket but if I phone you while you're at the supermarket buying your haggus and I don't know where you are then I would say "Where are you Josie?" And I would say "I've gone to the supermarket." Because you're still there exactly i use gone because I'm at the supermarket at the time that I'm speaking that's very very tricky i think it is a little difficult yes basically we use been when you are not in the place you're talking about and we use gone when you are in the place that you're talking about okay now in this sentence we also heard "Most children have learned some poems by Robert Burns at school." That's right so learned is the past participle of learn and there are two past participles again for the verb learn learned and learned and is there a difference there's no difference in meaning you will be happy to know but it's more common in American English to use learned with ed and in British English it's more common to use learned okay let's continue with our text in recent years haggus hasn't stayed the same because chefs have experimented with it in lots of different ways good so we have two examples of the present perfect and two regular past participles hasn't stayed have experimented just be careful for hasn't stayed we use has not instead of have not because haggis is the third person it's it so has instead of have let's continue okay they have made vegetarian and vegan haggus and some restaurants have even tried haggus pizza and haggus sushi yes so there are lots of different types of haggus that you can have vegetarian and vegan haggus with no meat which is delicious I have to say okay um but I have to say that Haggus pizza and Haggus sushi for me don't seem quite as delicious yes I agree with you but have you ever tried haggus pizza or haggus sushi no I like to be traditional with my haggus you like to have your haggus your potatoes and your turnips that's right okay the Scots like to have fun with haggus and many people have tried to convince tourists that the haggus is an animal yes so people have tried to convince tourists to make tourists believe that the haggus is an animal and if you search on the internet you can find pictures of a wild haggus and there's even a fake wild haggus in a museum in Glasgow yes so uh a wild haggus this means the animal the haggus that lives in the wild it doesn't live in a zoo or in a home as a pet for example i'm I'm laughing because this is a very very popular story that Scottish people like to tell yes we love to well have fun with with tourists and um yes there is a fake wild haggus in a museum in Glasgow fake is the same as artificial which we saw earlier in the text and this fake wild haggus is very funny good so if you visit Scotland maybe you'll be brave enough to taste this traditional Scottish dish yes maybe you'll be brave enough maybe you'll have enough courage to taste haggis excellent i would definitely recommend it let's listen again to the whole text now have you ever heard of haggus if you haven't it's not surprising it's Scotland's national dish but there are some Scottish people who have never eaten it this is because its ingredients are quite unusual it is a big brown pudding made from a sheep's stomach and filled with a sheep's heart lungs and lover as well as onion oats and spices if that doesn't sound good to you some recipes have recently changed to use an artificial stomach instead of a real one with chicken or beef inside traditionally people eat haggus at least once a year on the 25th of January this is the date when we celebrate the birth of Scotland's most famous poet Robert Burton and the event is called a burn supper after burn supper someone usually performs a poem by Robert Burns called address to a haggus that's right is a poem about Haggus most Scottish people have been to a burn supper and most children have learned some poems by Robert Burns at school in recent years haggus hasn't stayed the same because chefs have experimented with it in lots of different ways they have made vegetarian and vegan haggus and some restaurants have even tried haggus pizza and haggus sushi the Scots like to have fun with haggus and many people have tried to convince tourists that the haggus is an animal if you search on the internet you can find pictures of a wild haggus and there is even a fake wild haggus in a museum in Glasgow so if you visit Scotland maybe you'll be brave enough to taste this traditional Scottish dish coffee Break English season 1 episode 8 hello everyone and welcome back to Coffee Break English my name is Josie and I'm Mark and we're very happy to be here again with you today josie what is our topic for today today we are talking to Ryan from Canada and he's telling us about ice hockey which is a very popular Canadian sport excellent and do we have a language point that we're going to be looking at we do last episode we looked at the present perfect tense and this episode we're looking at the difference between the present perfect and the past simple tenses that sounds good shall we get started let's go over to you Ryan hi everyone i'd like to tell you about my favorite sport ice hockey actually here in Canada we just call it hockey because ice hockey is much more popular than field hockey like most Canadians I started playing hockey when I was a child i played every Saturday morning with a local team for under 18year-olds now that I'm an adult I still play hockey with a team in Vancouver where I live it's just a hobby but my team are pretty good we have even won some trophies we won a local tournament a few years ago and in 2015 we beat one of the best teams in the city we were really proud we only play in Vancouver and we have never participated in any national competitions maybe one day playing hockey is a good way to get some exercise and it's very exciting because you have to think fast and move quickly it's also a good way to meet people and get involved in the community i have made some really good friends by playing ice hockey and I even met my wife at a tournament in 2008 she also likes hockey but she prefers to watch it we both support the same team the Vancouver Conucks and we watch every game they play on TV we have seen them play in the stadium here in Vancouver lots of times the last time we went to the stadium we took our daughter Daisy who is 10 years old she absolutely loved watching the game and she has recently started playing on a team at school i'm looking forward to watching her in her first game soon now that Daisy is a hockey fan too we are planning a trip to Finland to watch some games we haven't been to Europe and we can't wait to experience our favorite sport in a different country is ice hockey popular in your country have you ever played it thank you Ryan that was very interesting so Mark have you ever played ice hockey i have never played ice hockey and to be honest I've never really skated really i love ice skating but I've never played ice hockey either okay shall we go back through the text yes let's take a look at the language and grammar that we see in the text would you like to read the first part okay ryan begins hi everyone i'd like to tell you about my favorite sport ice hockey yes so Ryan's favorite sport mark how do you spell favorite okay i spell favorite f a v o u r i t e yes and I think Ryan spells it the same way as we do but how would a person from the USA spell this word okay there's no U in the word in the USA so F A V O R I T E but the pronunciation is the same that's right yes there are lots of words like this in English which are different between American and British English like color flavor lots of words okay so Ryan continues actually here in Canada we just call it hockey because ice hockey is much more popular than field hockey yes so field hockey this is more popular in the UK isn't it hockey that you play on a big green space a field a big area of grass okay like most Canadians I started playing hockey when I was a child yes so we have a past tense here he started playing when he was a child in the past of course i played every Saturday morning with a local team for under 18 year olds good so again I played in the past simple tense every Saturday morning good now that I'm an adult I still play hockey with a team in Vancouver where I live h So Mark you said now that I'm an adult but Ryan didn't say adult did he he said adult that's right so in British English we say adult and in Canadian and American English we say adult okay it's just a hobby but my team are pretty good we have even won some trophies so it's just a hobby it's something that Ryan does in his free time mhm but his team are pretty good they're they're quite good we have even won some trophies so which verb tense is this Mark that's another present perfect we have won that's right we saw the present perfect in the last episode and here it is again here we use the present perfect because we don't say exactly when this happened in the past we have won some trophies in general in the past but when Ryan says "I started playing hockey when I was a child," he uses the past simple because he tells us exactly when this happened when he was a child okay he also tells us exactly when he won a tournament we won a local tournament a few years ago and in 2015 we beat one of the best teams in the city we were really proud yes so you're absolutely right he says "We won a local tournament a few years ago." He uses the past simple there and what's a tournament a local tournament a tournament is like a competition that's organized with uh with lots of games featuring different players that's right and in 2015 we we beat we won against one of the best teams in the city and he says "We were really proud about this we were really happy for ourselves okay we only play in Vancouver and we have never participated in any national competitions maybe one day yes so here Ryan uses the present perfect again we have never participated in any national competitions here he uses the present perfect because he doesn't say when they didn't participate it's just in the past in general and this word never this emphasizes that they haven't participated in even one national competition but maybe one day they will perhaps they'll do that at some point in the future exactly yes he seems uh hopeful about this playing hockey is a good way to get some exercise and it's very exciting because you have to think fast and move quickly it's also a good way to meet people and get involved in the community yes so Ryan says "Hockey is very exciting because you have to think fast and move quickly." So fast and quickly they are both adverbs because they describe verbs they describe the way that we do something we saw this in episode 4 of the podcast so quickly is a regular adverb because we add l y at the end of the adjective quick but fast is irregular because it's exactly the same as the adjective we can say a fast car or the car is driving fast that's right we never say fastly indeed okay so before we continue with the text let's have a little practice shall we okay okay when we have a conversation with someone and we want to know about what they have done in their life maybe we want to find out a place that they have visited or a food that they have eaten we often begin the conversation in the present perfect so for example Mark have you ever visited Canada yes I have visited Canada i went to Canada 2 years ago exactly so when you answered the question you answered in the present perfect yes I have visited Canada but when you wanted to give me some more information you changed to the past simple yes I told you when I went to Canada the the the year two years ago I visited my family and I spent some time in Toronto that sounds really nice i have never been to Canada but I would love to go there and you can go and see some ice hockey if you do yes maybe I will let's get back to Ryan's text he goes on I have made some really good friends by playing ice hockey and I even met my wife at a tournament in 2008 yes so here we have the present perfect and then the past simple i have made some really good friends present perfect and I even met my wife in 2008 so he tells us the year that he met his wife be careful because met is an irregular verb meet met met so Ryan could have said "I met my wife at a tournament in 2008 but I have met many nice people playing ice hockey." Exactly yes so Ryan's wife also likes hockey but she prefers to watch it we both support the same team the Vancouver Conucks and we watch every game they play on TV yes so they both support the same team they both follow the same team they they want this team to win okay we have seen them play in the stadium here in Vancouver lots of times yes so Ryan says he has seen this team play lots of times he doesn't say when but he says it was lots of times so sometimes we use the present perfect to talk about how many times we have done something so for example I have seen the Harry Potter movies 100 times ah that's funny because I saw a Harry Potter movie last weekend ah which one was it it was the first one oh a classic one absolutely okay let's continue the last time we went to the stadium we took our daughter Daisy who is 10 years old good so the last time we went past simple because he's talking about the last time he says when it was we took our daughter Daisy she absolutely loved watching the game and she has recently started playing on a team at school h So Daisy has recently started playing on a team we often use the present perfect with the word recently as well because it doesn't tell us exactly when something happened but it tells us that it was recently in the recent past okay i'm looking forward to watching her in her first game soon yes so Ryan is looking forward to watching Daisy what does looking forward to mean Mark is when you feel happy and excited about something that's going to happen that's right exactly so Mark what are you looking forward to at the moment i'm going to visit my mom at the weekend so I'm looking forward to seeing her oh that's nice okay now that Daisy is a hockey fan too we are planning a trip to Finland to watch some games good so Daisy is a hockey fan she loves hockey she's a fan ryan says "We haven't been to Europe and we can't wait to experience our favorite sport in a different country." Yes so Ryan says "We haven't been to Europe." Now been this is the past participle of the verb go but there's another past participle isn't there that's right he could have said "We haven't gone to Europe." But that's slightly different yes exactly if you use been that means that you go somewhere and then you return but if you use gone that means you go somewhere and then you are speaking from that place okay so Ryan finishes by saying "Is ice hockey popular in your country have you ever played it?" Yes so have you ever this is a classic present perfect question we use this word ever to mean in your entire life so have you ever played ice hockey have you ever been skiing for example okay shall we listen to the full text again good idea let's listen and we'll listen for the present perfect and the past simple hi everyone i'd like to tell you about my favorite sport ice hockey actually here in Canada we just call it hockey because ice hockey is much more popular than field hockey like most Canadians I started playing hockey when I was a child i played every Saturday morning with a local team for under 18y olds now that I'm an adult I still play hockey with a team in Vancouver where I live it's just a hobby but my team are pretty good we have even won some trophies we won a local tournament a few years ago and in 2015 we beat one of the best teams in the city we were really proud we only play in Vancouver and we have never participated in any national competitions maybe one day playing hockey is a good way to get some exercise and it's very exciting because you have to think fast and move quickly it's also a good way to meet people and get involved in the community i have made some really good friends by playing ice hockey and I even met my wife at a tournament in 2008 she also likes hockey but she prefers to watch it we both support the same team the Vancouver Conucks and we watch every game they play on TV we have seen them play in the stadium here in Vancouver lots of times the last time we went to the stadium we took our daughter Daisy who is 10 years old she absolutely loved watching the game and she has recently started playing on a team at school i'm looking forward to watching her in her first game soon now that Daisy is a hockey fan too we are planning a trip to Finland to watch some games we haven't been to Europe and we can't wait to experience our favorite sport in a different country is ice hockey popular in your country have you ever played it coffee Breakak English season 1 episode 9 hi everyone and welcome back to Coffee Break English my name is Josie and I'm Mark how are you today Josie i'm fine thank you Mark how are you i'm very well and I think I am in need of a hot drink ah maybe a cup of tea perhaps who knows that would be a good idea because in today's episode we're talking all about tea even though it's coffee break English perhaps we should rename this episode and call it tea break English for one episode only yes and also in today's episode we're talking about when to use the gerand form of the verb and when to use the infinitive okay let's hear from Susan who's going to tell us about tea for many people when they think of Britain they think of tea 63% of people in the UK drink tea everyday and many people love drinking it so much that they can't imagine living without it portuguese priests and merchants brought tea from East Asia to Europe in the 16th century and drinking tea quickly became popular in Britain in 2016 a list was made of countries who drank the most tea and Ireland and the UK were numbers two and three only people in Turkey drink more tea than we do most British people need to have a cup of tea as soon as they wake up in the morning and usually they have English breakfast tea with milk and sometimes sugar some people prefer to have their tea without milk and some people like drinking other types of tea but this is the most popular way to make it a cup of very strong tea with lots of sugar is called builder's tea because this is usually how builders drink their tea during their working day when someone visits your house in the UK the first thing you do is ask if they would like to have a cup of tea it's difficult to find someone who says no to this question lots of British children learn to make a cup of tea when they are quite young because it is an important skill to have but it's not just tea which is important in the UK what we eat with it is too in the past many people had tea at about 400 p.m with cakes and sandwiches this was called afternoon tea but now we drink tea whenever we want usually with a biscuit or two or three most people enjoy dipping or dunking their biscuit in their tea before eating it the word tea can have another meaning in different parts of the country for some people tea is the meal they eat in the evening which other people call dinner in fact some people even use the word dinner instead of lunch so in the UK you can have breakfast lunch and dinner or breakfast dinner and tea but you can have a cup of tea whenever you want thank you Susan are you a tea drinker Josie i have to say no i don't like tea at all me neither we must be quite unusual British people yes I definitely prefer coffee I have to say me too okay let's go back through the text for many people when they think of Britain they think of tea 63% of people in the UK drink tea every day and many people love drinking it so much that they can't imagine living without it yes so quite a lot of people drink tea every day 63% and Susan says many people love drinking it so before I said that today we're focusing on when to use the gerand and when to use the infinitive form of the verb let's think about what that gerand form is if we take the verb drink and we add ing to the end then it becomes the gerand so drinking that's right but the infinitive form of the verb this is just the natural form of the verb with no changes nothing added to it so to drink is the infinitive form okay in this phrase we use drinking because in British English after the verbs love like hate and don't like we usually use the gerand form to to to talk about something in general that we like or we don't like so I like reading i love going to the cinema i don't like playing football that's right yes and later in this sentence we have another example of the gerant british people love drinking tea so much that they can't imagine living without it now in this case we need to use the gerand form of living because after the verb imagine we just have to use the gerand it's the rule we don't say imagine to live always imagine living okay let's continue on portuguese priests and merchants brought tea from East Asia to Europe in the 16th century and drinking tea quickly became popular in Britain yes so Portuguese priests and merchants what is a priest Mark a priest would be a person who performs religious duties that's right yes and what about merchants well a merchant is someone who sells something we don't use this word so much now but in the past a merchant was someone who went to a place and bought something and sold it to someone else they they traded okay so these merchants brought tea to Britain in the 16th century in 2016 a list was made of countries who drank the most tea and Ireland and the UK were numbers 2 and three yes so in 2016 we can say 2016 or 2016 it's a bit longer and you'll also hear in uh US English in 2016 without the and that's right there are actually three options okay so this list was made of countries who drank the most tea yes so drank is an irregular past simple of drink drink drank drunk okay only people in Turkey drink more tea than we do most British people need to have a cup of tea as soon as they wake up in the morning and usually they have English breakfast tea with milk and sometimes sugar so most British people need to have after the verb need we always use this infinitive form of the verb to have we don't say need having with the gerand so I need to drink a cup of tea josie what's the rule about need to do something that's a good question for most of the verbs which we talk about today there isn't actually a rule for if we use the gerand or the infinitive after them this is quite annoying because there's no rule to learn but the best way to learn about when to use the gerand or infinitive is just to notice the verbs as you see them and to learn them as you go don't try to learn a big list of verbs and that's what coffee break English is for to help you get more experience of English in interesting texts exactly okay let's continue on some people prefer to have their tea without milk and some people like drinking other types of tea but this is the most popular way to make it yes so some people prefer to have their tea mark could we say some people prefer having their tea yes we could some people prefer having their tea or some people prefer to have their tea both work that's right so prefer is quite a flexible verb we can use the gerand or the infinitive after it a cup of very strong tea with lots of sugar is called builder's tea because this is usually how builders drink their tea during their working day so a cup of very strong tea a cup of tea which you leave the tea bag in for a long time this is called builder's tea what's a builder Mark a builder is someone who builds or makes repairs on a house or a building for example that's right we could also call them a construction worker maybe mhm and Susan says that this is how builders usually drink their tea during their working day i think this is a bit stereotypical i would agree yes i think not all builders drink their tea like this we have a builder at the moment doing some work in our garden and he doesn't drink builder's tea he likes a peppermint tea oh wow so there we go builders can like other types of tea absolutely okay let's continue then when someone visits your house in the UK the first thing you do is ask if they would like to have a cup of tea this is definitely true isn't it yeah does it work this way in your house Josie because you don't like tea yes in my house I never have any tea in my cupboards so it's a problem when people want a cup of tea in my house my wife really likes tea so she always has a cup of tea we always have tea in our house ah that's lucky okay in this sentence we have another verb which is followed by the infinitive you ask if they would like to have a cup of tea after the verb would like we always use the infinitive to have and this is true for all verbs which have would before them for example would love to have a cup of tea would hate to have a cup of tea but be careful because after the verb like without would we can use the gerand form the ing form so I can say I like drinking tea but I would like to drink tea okay shall we continue let's go it's difficult to find someone who says no to this question lots of British children learn to make a cup of tea when they are quite young because it is an important skill to have so lots of British children learn to make a cup of tea learn is another verb after which we always use the infinitive form of the verb so I could say at the moment I am learning to speak Portuguese perfect and what about the word skill Josie what is a skill a skill is basically something that you can do an ability okay but it's not just tea which is important in the UK what we eat with it is too in the past many people had tea at about 4:00 p.m with cakes and sandwiches this was called afternoon tea yes so I think that this is uh a stereotype that people have about the UK many people say to me "Ah you are British you have tea at 400 p.m or at 5:00 p.m." I think now afternoon tea can be quite fashionable it can be quite popular to go to a restaurant or a cafe to have afternoon tea for a special occasion with your friends that's right but it's not something that we do every day is it indeed definitely not now we drink tea whenever we want usually with a biscuit or two or three yes so the word biscuit be careful of the pronunciation we don't pronounce it bisuit it's just biscuit okay most people enjoy dipping or dunking their biscuit in their tea before eating it h so here we have two quite difficult words dipping and dunking they're verbs to dip and to dunk what do they mean Mark well if you dip something into a liquid it means you put it into the liquid for a short time and then pull it out exactly yep so that's what lots of people do with their biscuits in their tea and to dunk is just another way of saying this okay you would dunk a biscuit in tea but you would perhaps dip a paintbrush in a tin of paint that's right exactly okay the word tea can have another meaning in different parts of the country for some people tea is the meal they eat in the evening which other people call dinner yes so a meal is just breakfast lunch or dinner the general word for these so in fact some people even use the word dinner instead of lunch so in the UK you can have breakfast lunch and dinner or breakfast dinner and tea but you can have a cup of tea whenever you want this is quite confusing isn't it Mark it is for you what do you call the three meals of the day well when I was young when I was a child we used to say breakfast dinner and tea but now I normally say breakfast lunch and dinner ah interesting i usually say breakfast lunch and tea ah okay and some people in the UK refer to their evening meal as supper that's right there's yet another word to use for this it's very complicated but the most important thing as Susan said is that you can have a cup of tea whenever you want yep that's right let's listen again to the text and listen out for those gerons and infinitives for many people when they think of Britain they think of tea 63% of people in the UK drink tea everyday and many people love drinking it so much that they can't imagine living without it portuguese priests and merchants brought tea from East Asia to Europe in the 16th century and drinking tea quickly became popular in Britain in 2016 a list was made of countries who drank the most tea and Ireland and the UK were numbers two and three only people in Turkey drink more tea than we do most British people need to have a cup of tea as soon as they wake up in the morning and usually they have English breakfast tea with milk and sometimes sugar some people prefer to have their tea without milk and some people like drinking other types of tea but this is the most popular way to make it a cup of very strong tea with lots of sugar is called builder's tea because this is usually how builders drink their tea during their working day when someone visits your house in the UK the first thing you do is ask if they would like to have a cup of tea it's difficult to find someone who says no to this question lots of British children learn to make a cup of tea when they are quite young because it is an important skill to have but it's not just tea which is important in the UK what we eat with it is too in the past many people had tea at about 400 p.m with cakes and sandwiches this was called afternoon tea but now we drink tea whenever we want usually with a biscuit or two or three most people enjoy dipping or dunking their biscuit in their tea before eating it the word tea can have another meaning in different parts of the country for some people tea is the meal they eat in the evening which other people call dinner in fact some people even use the word dinner instead of lunch so in the UK you can have breakfast lunch and dinner or breakfast dinner and tea but you can have a cup of tea whenever you want okay that's the end of this episode coffee Break English season 1 episode 10 hi everyone and welcome to Coffee Break English i'm Josie and I'm Mark and this is the final episode in this season of Coffee Break English and we're heading to Australia yes we're off to talk to Matthew about surfing in Australia and what about the language point for this episode Josie well we're going to learn some common phrasal verbs in English ah phrasal verbs excellent let's get started over to you Matthew if you like surfing then Australia is the place for you there are beaches all over the country where you will always find surfers hanging out some of the best places to surf include Plli Bay in Western Australia and Byron Bay in the east surfing started in Australia in 1915 when Duke Kahanamoku from Hawaii brought the first surfboard to the country and showed the locals how to use it to ride the waves every year there are lots of surfing competitions in Australia and professional surfers come from all over the world to take part but it's not just professionals who enjoy surfing more than 2.5 million Australians regularly surf as a hobby surfing isn't just a fun sport it's a great way to work out and it brings with it a positive lifestyle and a relaxed way of thinking about the world lots of different people in Australia surf students business people mothers fathers and grandparents some people get up early put on their swimsuit or wets suit and surf in the morning and others prefer to surf in the evening after work to switch off after a busy day however Australians who go surfing must watch out for sharks there are sharks living in a lot of places around the coast and it is important that surfers know how to stay safe while they are in the water it's best to go to protected beaches where there is a lifeguard some beaches also have shark alarms which go off if someone sees a shark in the water once you have some surfing experience it's easy to enjoy the waves but if you've never surfed before it can be difficult to learn it's important to keep on trying and be ready for the waves to knock you down but don't give up and try to enjoy it as Phil Edwards a famous American surfer said "The best surfer out there is the one having the most fun." Thank you Matthew so Mark have you ever tried surfing i've not tried surfing but I have tried wind surfing ah and are you good at wind surfing i did fall in quite a lot I have to admit what about you have you ever tried surfing i have tried surfing i tried it once in Portugal and the waves were very very big and I was very bad at surfing okay let's go back through our text if you like surfing then Australia is the place for you there are beaches all over the country where you will always find surfers hanging out yes so Matthew says "You can find surfers hanging out at lots of beaches." To hang out is a phrasal verb and a phrasal verb is a verb which is made of more than one word so in this case hang and out but what does hang out mean if someone hangs out somewhere they spend a lot of time in that place or with those people exactly so you can hang out at the beach you can hang out with your friends with your family okay some of the best places to surf include Prevy Bay in Western Australia and Byron Bay in the east surfing started in Australia in 1915 when Juke Kahanamoku from Hawaii brought the first surfboard to the country and showed locals how to use it to ride the waves yes so this man from Hawaii Juke Kahanamoku that's quite difficult to pronounce isn't it i hope you're pronouncing it correctly yes we we might not be but anyway he brought the first surfboard so a surfboard is the thing that you stand on when you surf and he showed the locals how to use it to ride the waves so this expression ride the waves it just means to to surf on the waves to to travel on the waves okay every year there are lots of surfing competitions in Australia and professional surfers come from all over the world to take part so take part is another phrasal verb and what does take part mean Mark you could say to participate to be part of something that's right exactly so usually we use take part with uh a competition like in this case professional surfers come to take part in surfing competitions in Australia they come to participate good but it's not just professionals who enjoy surfing more than 2.5 million Australians regularly surf as a hobby surfing isn't just a fun sport it's a great way to work out and it brings with it a positive lifestyle and a relaxed way of thinking about the world yes so work out is another example of a phrasal verb and to workout means to do exercises or to train in order to make your body stronger so if you go to the gym you work out and there's another interesting word in this sentence lifestyle what's a positive lifestyle Josie hm so your lifestyle is basically the way that you live your life so if you have a positive lifestyle you do lots of good things that keep you happy in your life okay lots of different people in Australia surf students business people mothers fathers and grandparents some people get up early put on their swimsuit or wets suit and surf in the morning and others prefer to surf in the evening after work to switch off after a busy day okay we have lots to talk about in this sentence cuz we have three phrasal verbs let's start from the beginning some people get up early so get up means to leave your bed after you've been sleeping in the night so these people get up early they put on their swimsuit or wets suit what does put on mean Mark you put on clothes onto your body exactly so when you get dressed in the morning you put on your clothes so these surfers they put on their swimsuit or their wets suit what's the difference between a swimsuit and a wet suit mark a wet suit covers more of your body and probably keeps you warmer that's right yes um but these surfers they put on their swimsuit put on is quite an interesting phrasal verb because it's possible to separate it when we use an object in this case some clothes with the verb we can put this object after the verb or in the middle that's right so we can say put on their swimsuit or or put their swimsuit on and both work that's right now there's another phrasal verb in this sentence to switch off after a busy day that's right so in this case switch off just means to to relax after a busy day so I could ask you Mark how do you switch off in the evening after a busy day i like to sit down and put on some music and relax that sounds lovely and you used the verb put on put on some music but you weren't talking about clothes were you that's right we can use put on for clothes when you're putting them onto your body but you can also put on music or put on the television that's right so it just means to to start the music or to start the television but anyway to switch off we said to switch off means to relax but there's also another meaning of switch off actually at the end of the day I switch off my computer i switch off the music i switch off the light and I go to bed that's right so we also use switch off for electrical things when we stop the power so what's the opposite of switch off Mark when you start the power on the lights or the computer well we say to switch on we switch on the power we switch on the computer we switch on the lights and we can also say turn on we can Yes switch on and turn on they're the same and switch off and turn off they are the same so you can see that phrasal verbs have a lot of different meanings and that's what makes them quite complicated in English let's continue with the text okay however Australians who go surfing must watch out for sharks yes so here's another phrasal verb watch out watch out just means be careful or be alert because there's something dangerous somewhere so surfers must watch out for sharks they must be careful but what are sharks Mark sharks are very large fish with very sharp teeth that's right and they can sometimes be dangerous okay there are sharks living in a lot of places around the coast and it is important that surfers know how to stay safe while they are in the water it's best to go to protected beaches where there is a lifeguard yes so a lifeguard we can separate this word and we can see life and guard so a lifeguard is basically someone who guards your life who looks after you when you're in the water okay some beaches also have shark alarms which go off if someone sees a shark in the water go off this is another phrasal verb of course and go off in this case these shark alarms they they ring they make a sound they go off that's what go off means i don't think I would like to hear a shark alarm if I were in the water surfing no that sounds a bit scary okay once you have some surfing experience it's easy to enjoy the waves but if you've never surfed before it can be difficult to learn it's important to keep on trying and be ready for the waves to knock you down it's important to keep on trying it's important to continue trying keep on means continue and be ready for the waves to knock you down what does it mean if a wave knocks you down Mark well if you're standing on your surfboard and the wave knocks you down you'll end up in the water that's right this is what happened to me when I went surfing oh dear but don't give up and try to enjoy it as Phil Edwards a famous American surfer said "The best surfer out there is the one having the most fun." Here we have our last phrasal verb in the text but don't give up give up means to stop doing something to abandon something so for example when I was at school I played the violin but I didn't like it so I gave up i stopped oh that's a shame that you gave up playing the violin well instead I kept on playing the piano ah so I continued playing the piano excellent good okay let's listen again to our text and see if you can spot all of these phrasal verbs as Matthew reads them if you like surfing then Australia is the place for you there are beaches all over the country where you will always find surfers hanging out some of the best places to surf include Plli Bay in Western Australia and Byron Bay in the east surfing started in Australia in 1915 when Duke Kahanamoku from Hawaii brought the first surfboard to the country and showed the locals how to use it to ride the waves every year there are lots of surfing competitions in Australia and professional surfers come from all over the world to take part but it's not just professionals who enjoy surfing more than 2.5 million Australians regularly surf as a hobby surfing isn't just a fun sport it's a great way to work out and it brings with it a positive lifestyle and a relaxed way of thinking about the world lots of different people in Australia surf students business people mothers fathers and grandparents some people get up early put on their swimsuit or wets suit and surf in the morning and others prefer to surf in the evening after work to switch off after a busy day however Australians who go surfing must watch out for sharks there are sharks living in a lot of places around the coast and it is important that surfers know how to stay safe while they are in the water it's best to go to protected beaches where there is a lifeguard some beaches also have shark alarms which go off if someone sees a shark in the water once you have some surfing experience it's easy to enjoy the waves but if you've never surfed before it can be difficult to learn it's important to keep on trying and be ready for the waves to knock you down but don't give up and try to enjoy it as Phil Edwards a famous American surfer said "The best surfer out there is the one having the most fun