History of Psychology | Psychology – YouTube Dictation Transcript & Vocabulary

1.[Music] psychology began to emerge as a feel distinct from philosophy in the 19th century prior to this philosophers such as Plato Aristotle and Descartes explored the causes of behavior and in nature of the mind but in 1879 German physician bill Hammond established the first laboratory within the philosophy department at the University of Leipzig with the goal of applying the experimental methods of natural science to philosophical problems specifically wouldn't believe that he could understand the structure of the mind through introspection close examination of one's own conscious experience this school of thought became known as structuralism as wouldn't believe that introspection would eventually reveal the hinge structures of the mind even though it has been replaced with more objective measures this work represents the beginning of psychology as a science because it showed that mental processes could be quantified another important early psychologist was American William James he built upon Charles Darwin's ideas about natural selection specifically he proposed that much like our physical characteristics human psychological characteristics evolved because they were functional they provided some kind of evolutionary advantage this school of thought became known as functionalism and it was focused on understanding how specific mental processes helped people survive and adapt to their environment these days this work has evolved into a branch of study called evolutionary psychology which attempts to explain psychological processes such as perception language and memory as being the products of evolutionary adaptation Sigmund Freud is considered the father of psychoanalysis or Freudian psychology which focuses on the role of the unconscious and shaping behavior Freud believed that behavior was driven by forgotten childhood experiences and unconscious desires he developed psychoanalytic treatment approaches intended to treat psychological symptoms by bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness through the analysis of Dreams and talk therapy Freud's work also inspired other psychologists such as Carl Jung Erik Erikson Alfred Adler and Karen horney each of these theorists shared through its beliefs about the importance of early childhood experiences but they felt that Freud overemphasize certain factors like sexual desires and that he had an overly negative view of human nature they began to explore other motivators such as the drive to achieve or to build close connections many of Freud's ideas were not falsifiable and therefore not scientific for example it's not possible to test whether a person's behavior is influenced by an undetectable unconscious desire as psychology developed it became more scientific and later schools of thought shifted away from psychoanalytic perspectives to focus on testable hypotheses about the causes of thoughts feelings and behaviors you [Music]