HISTORY OF IDEAS - Capitalism – YouTube Dictation Transcript & Vocabulary
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Интерактивная стенограмма и выделения
1.Today, pretty much every economy in the world is organized along capitalist lines but at the same time, capitalism is almost everywhere regarded with disappointment, frustration and suspicion
2.Interestingly, none of the criticisms are new
3.They've been dogging capitalism since its inception
4.So let's look back in time to figure out how capitalism got its bad name and what might be done to improve it
5.Padua, Italy, 1304
💡 Tap the highlighted words to see definitions and examples
Ключевая лексика (CEFR B2)
established
B1To make stable or firm; to confirm.
Example:
"an idea that had by then already been well established for centuries in the West:"
accounting
A2To provide explanation.
Example:
"accounting:"
arithmetica
B1A B1-level word commonly used in this context.
Example:
"Summa de arithmetica. It's the single most important capitalist invention"
invention
B2Something invented.
Example:
"Summa de arithmetica. It's the single most important capitalist invention"
self-denial
B1Action that sacrifices one's own benefit for the good of others.
Example:
"virtues: hard work, self-denial, patience,"
conclusions
B1The end, finish, close or last part of something.
Example:
"He reaches several important conclusions. Slavery"
maintaining
B1To support (someone), to back up or assist (someone) in an action.
Example:
"for a worker and the cost of buying and maintaining slaves"
benevolence
B2Disposition to do good.
Example:
"As Smith puts it: "It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer,"
fictional
A2Invented, as opposed to real.
Example:
"publishes a novel: Hard Times. Set in the fictional town of Coketown,"
environment
B1The surroundings of, and influences on, a particular item of interest.
Example:
"and the environment ruined. But he asks a further question:"
| Слово | CEFR | Определение |
|---|---|---|
| established | B1 | To make stable or firm; to confirm. |
| accounting | A2 | To provide explanation. |
| arithmetica | B1 | A B1-level word commonly used in this context. |
| invention | B2 | Something invented. |
| self-denial | B1 | Action that sacrifices one's own benefit for the good of others. |
| conclusions | B1 | The end, finish, close or last part of something. |
| maintaining | B1 | To support (someone), to back up or assist (someone) in an action. |
| benevolence | B2 | Disposition to do good. |
| fictional | A2 | Invented, as opposed to real. |
| environment | B1 | The surroundings of, and influences on, a particular item of interest. |
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Грамматика и произношение для диктантов
Chunking
Обратите внимание на паузы оратора после фраз — это помогает пониманию.
Linking
Слушайте связную речь, когда слова соединяются.
Intonation
Следите за изменениями интонации, подчеркивающими важную информацию.
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