What are those colors you see when you rub your eyes? - Paul CJ Taylor – YouTube Dictation Transcript & Vocabulary
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Interactive Transcript & Highlights for Dictation
1.In the late 1600s, Isaac Newton conducted a series of that broke the two most fundamental rules of eye safety— in one, he stared at the sun, and in the other he stuck a needle under his eyeball
2.Newton was hoping to better understand the lights and colors that sometimes appear when your eyes are closed
3.If you've ever sat around an evening campfire or, unlike Newton, glanced at the sun, you may have noticed illuminated patterns briefly dance along your vision before fading into darkness
4.So how do these visual , known as , form
5.Inside the retina, specialized cells called photoreceptors take in light and turn it into a signal the brain can understand
💡 Tap the highlighted words to see definitions and examples
Key Vocabulary (CEFR C1)
illusions
A2Anything that seems to be something that it is not.
Example:
"So how do these visual illusions, known as afterimages, form?"
approximate
B1To estimate.
Example:
"from approximately 200 million photoreceptor cells,"
experiments
B1A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy of something previously untried.
Example:
"In the late 1600s, Isaac Newton conducted a series of experiments"
unintentionally
B1In an unintentional manner; not intentionally.
Example:
"unintentionally glanced at the sun,"
reactions
A2An action or statement in response to a stimulus or other event.
Example:
"This reconfiguration induces a cascade of chemical reactions"
transforming
B1To change greatly the appearance or form of.
Example:
"transforming the blazing campfire to a bright pattern as you close your eyes."
radiation
B2The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like diverging rays of light.
Example:
"often describe seeing similar effects when exposed to cosmic radiation"
swapped
A2To exchange or give (something) in an exchange (for something else).
Example:
"The original colors appear to be swapped for their approximate complement:"
afterimages
B1An image which persists or remains in negative after the original stimulation has ended.
Example:
"So how do these visual illusions, known as afterimages, form?"
absorbs
A2To include so that it no longer has separate existence; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing up; to incorporate; to assimilate; to take in and use up.
Example:
"absorbs the energy by temporarily altering its molecular structure"
| Word | CEFR | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| illusions | A2 | Anything that seems to be something that it is not. |
| approximate | B1 | To estimate. |
| experiments | B1 | A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy of something previously untried. |
| unintentionally | B1 | In an unintentional manner; not intentionally. |
| reactions | A2 | An action or statement in response to a stimulus or other event. |
| transforming | B1 | To change greatly the appearance or form of. |
| radiation | B2 | The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like diverging rays of light. |
| swapped | A2 | To exchange or give (something) in an exchange (for something else). |
| afterimages | B1 | An image which persists or remains in negative after the original stimulation has ended. |
| absorbs | A2 | To include so that it no longer has separate existence; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing up; to incorporate; to assimilate; to take in and use up. |
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