A brie(f) history of cheese - Paul Kindstedt – YouTube Dictation Transcript & Vocabulary
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Interactive Transcript & Highlights for Dictation
1.Before empires and royalty, before pottery and writing, before metal tools and weapons – there was cheese
2.As early as 8000 BCE, the earliest Neolithic farmers living in the Fertile Crescent began a legacy of cheesemaking almost as old as itself
3.The rise of agriculture led to domesticated sheep and goats, which ancient farmers harvested for milk
4.But when left in warm conditions for several hours, that fresh milk began to sour
5.Its lactic acids caused proteins to coagulate, binding into soft clumps
💡 Tap the highlighted words to see definitions and examples
Key Vocabulary (CEFR C1)
civilization
B2An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political or technical development.
Example:
"almost as old as civilization itself."
remaining
A2To stay behind while others withdraw; to be left after others have been removed or destroyed; to be left after a number or quantity has been subtracted or cut off; to be left as not included or comprised.
Example:
"the farmers drained the remaining liquid –"
millennium
A2A period of time consisting of one thousand years.
Example:
"Some 7th millennium BCE pottery fragments found in Turkey"
fragments
A2A part broken off; a small, detached portion; an imperfect part, either physically or not
Example:
"Some 7th millennium BCE pottery fragments found in Turkey"
reference
B2A relationship or relation (to something).
Example:
"Records from nearby civilizations in Turkey also reference rennet."
renaissance
B2A rebirth or revival.
Example:
"Cheese remained popular through the Renaissance,"
populations
B1The people living within a political or geographical boundary.
Example:
"listing a variety of cheeses for different rituals and populations"
producing
A2To yield, make or manufacture; to generate.
Example:
"producing a myriad of cow’s milk cheeses."
egyptians
A2A A2-level word commonly used in this context.
Example:
"Egyptians enjoyed goats’ milk cottage cheese, straining the whey with reed mats."
alongside
A2Along the side; by the side; side by side with.
Example:
"alongside a harder variety similar to today’s pecorino romano."
| Word | CEFR | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| civilization | B2 | An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political or technical development. |
| remaining | A2 | To stay behind while others withdraw; to be left after others have been removed or destroyed; to be left after a number or quantity has been subtracted or cut off; to be left as not included or comprised. |
| millennium | A2 | A period of time consisting of one thousand years. |
| fragments | A2 | A part broken off; a small, detached portion; an imperfect part, either physically or not |
| reference | B2 | A relationship or relation (to something). |
| renaissance | B2 | A rebirth or revival. |
| populations | B1 | The people living within a political or geographical boundary. |
| producing | A2 | To yield, make or manufacture; to generate. |
| egyptians | A2 | A A2-level word commonly used in this context. |
| alongside | A2 | Along the side; by the side; side by side with. |
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